avaliação do método de liquefação enzimática na extração de suco de maçã evaluation of apple juice extraction by the enzyme liquefaction method
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2006
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Abstract
O conceito da tecnologia limpa visa otimizar o processo de extração para obter o máximo de suco da fruta, diminuir perdas e gerenciar a aplicação do resíduo gerado. A utilização de complexos enzimáticos, constituídos por celulases e pectinases, na extração de suco permite, além de modificar características químicas e físico-químicas dos produtos, minimizar a geração de resíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições de extração de suco de maçã por liquefação enzimática e comparar as características de qualidade dos produtos obtidos a partir desse método com os do tradicional processo de prensagem. Para o processo de liquefação, as melhores condições para obtenção de suco de maçã foram: enzimas 0,1 mL.Kg-1, temperatura 50 °C e tempo 75 min. O rendimento foi de 83,5% com a geração de 16,5% de bagaço, com uma diferença de 19%, quando comparado ao processamento de suco por prensagem. O suco obtido por liquefação foi mais ácido, apresentou maiores teores de cinzas e de nitrogênio do que o suco obtido por prensagem. No bagaço obtido por liquefação, os valores de acidez e cinzas, de extrato etéreo e de nitrogênio foram maiores do que no obtido por prensagem mas não houve diferença significativa nos teores de fibras alimentares embora os teores de pectina tenham sido mais baixos. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas nas proporções de açúcares neutros relacionados à parede celular. O processamento por liquefação apresentou melhores resultados no rendimento do suco e na diminuição de bagaço, com uma vantagem de 18,5% sobre o processamento tradicional por prensagem.
The clean technology concept aims to optimize juice extraction in order to obtain high yields, low losses and to manage the use of residues. The preparation of enzymes available nowadays containing depolimerizing activities like pectinases and celulases reach high yields of modified apple juice with less by-products. The main objective of this work was to establish the conditions for apple juice processing by enzymatic liquefaction and to evaluate the apple juice and residual pomace comparing them with that obtained by the traditional pressing extraction. The best conditions found include enzyme concentration of 0.1 mL.Kg-1 and 75 min of reaction at 50 °C. The yield of juice was 83.5% with around 16.5% of residual pomace, which represents 19% more when compared with the results found with traditional pressing processing. When obtained by enzyme liquefaction the juice was more acidic, with higher contents of minerals and of nitrogen than the pressed juice. In the apple pomace left by enzyme liquefaction, the values of acidity and ash of lipids and nitrogen compound were higher than in the pressed pomace but there are significant differences in food fibers although the pectin levels were significantly higher. No differences were found in the proportions of neutral sugars related to cellular walls. Enzyme liquefaction processing shows better results in the juice yield and residual pomace with an advantage of 18.5% over the pressing extraction.
The clean technology concept aims to optimize juice extraction in order to obtain high yields, low losses and to manage the use of residues. The preparation of enzymes available nowadays containing depolimerizing activities like pectinases and celulases reach high yields of modified apple juice with less by-products. The main objective of this work was to establish the conditions for apple juice processing by enzymatic liquefaction and to evaluate the apple juice and residual pomace comparing them with that obtained by the traditional pressing extraction. The best conditions found include enzyme concentration of 0.1 mL.Kg-1 and 75 min of reaction at 50 °C. The yield of juice was 83.5% with around 16.5% of residual pomace, which represents 19% more when compared with the results found with traditional pressing processing. When obtained by enzyme liquefaction the juice was more acidic, with higher contents of minerals and of nitrogen than the pressed juice. In the apple pomace left by enzyme liquefaction, the values of acidity and ash of lipids and nitrogen compound were higher than in the pressed pomace but there are significant differences in food fibers although the pectin levels were significantly higher. No differences were found in the proportions of neutral sugars related to cellular walls. Enzyme liquefaction processing shows better results in the juice yield and residual pomace with an advantage of 18.5% over the pressing extraction.
| Reference Key |
oliveira2006foodavaliao
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| Authors | ;Maria Carolina Santos de Oliveira;Nelci Catarina Chiquetto Silva;Alessandro Nogueira;Gilvan Wosiacki |
| Journal | software - practice and experience |
| Year | 2006 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0101-20612006000400030
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