consorciação de plantas de cobertura antecedendo o milho em plantio direto: ii - nitrogênio acumulado pelo milho e produtividade de grãos cover crop mixtures preceding no-till corn: ii - nitrogen accumulation by corn and grain yield
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ID: 243650
2004
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Abstract
Nos últimos anos, com a rápida expansão do plantio direto no Sul do Brasil, tem aumentado o interesse pela consorciação de plantas de cobertura de solo no outono/inverno como fonte de N ao milho em sucessão. Para avaliar o efeito da aveia preta (AP) (Avena strigosa Schieb), da ervilhaca comum (EC) (Vicia sativa L.) e do nabo forrageiro (NF) (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.), em cultivos solteiros e consorciados, sobre o N acumulado e a produtividade de grãos de milho, foi realizado um experimento, no período de 1998 a 2000, na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS), em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico (Hapludalf). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos inteiramente ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 100 % AP (80 kg ha-1 de sementes), 100 % EC (80 kg ha-1), 100 % NF (14 kg ha-1), 15 % AP + 85 % EC, 30 % AP + 70 % EC, 45 % AP + 55 % EC, 15 % AP + 85 % NF e 30 % AP + 70 % NF. Além desses, foram utilizados dois tratamentos em pousio invernal onde cresceu a vegetação espontânea da área. Num tratamento sob pousio, o milho foi cultivado sem adubação nitrogenada e, no outro, o milho foi adubado com 180 kg ha-1 de N-uréia. Foram avaliadas: a produção de matéria seca (MS), a concentração de N total do tecido vegetal do milho em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura e a produtividade de grãos. A quantidade de N acumulado pelo milho e a produtividade de grãos em sucessão aos consórcios de aveia + ervilhaca não diferiram da ervilhaca solteira e foram proporcionais à quantidade do N dos consórcios que estava presente na fitomassa da ervilhaca. A ervilhaca e o nabo, tanto em culturas solteiras como consorciados à aveia, proporcionaram maior produtividade de milho do que após o pousio e a aveia solteira. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que, consorciando aveia + ervilhaca, até uma proporção máxima de 30 % de aveia, foi possível atingir uma produtividade de grãos de milho equivalente àquela da ervilhaca solteira e a 70 % daquela obtida com o uso de 180 kg ha-1 de N-uréia no pousio.
No-tillage has been increasingly adopted by farmers in South Brazil and it has increased the interest for the mixtures of cover crops in the autumn/winter as source of nitrogen to the corn in succession. A field experiment was carried out on a typic Hapludalf at the experimental area of the Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 1998/99 and 1999/00 to evaluate the effect of single crop and mixtures of black oat (BO) (Avena strigosa Schieb), common vetch (CV) (Vicia sativa L.) and oilseed radish (OR) (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.) on N accumulation and grain yield by corn. The experiment was set in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were: 100 % BO (80 kg ha-1 of seeds), 100 % CV (80 kg ha-1), 100 % OR (14 kg ha-1), 15 % BO + 85 % CV, 30 % BO + 70 % CV, 45 % BO + 55 % CV, 15 % BO + 85 % OR and 30 % BO + 70 % OR. Two additional plots under winter fallow were also used for comparison. Other control treatments were corn cultivated without N fertilizer in one plot and fertilized with 180 kg ha-1 of N-urea in another one. Corn grain yield, dry matter and total N concentration in corn biomass was evaluated at different crop stages. The amount of N accumulated by corn and the grain yield in succession of oat + vetch mixtures were not different from the single vetch, and were proportional to the N amount in the vetch biomass of the crop mixtures. Vetch and oilseed radish as single crop or in mixtures with black oat provided a higher corn grain yield than after fallow and single oat. Results of this study indicated that oat + vetch mixtures, up to a maximum proportion of 30 % of oat, attained a productivity of corn grain equivalent to the single vetch and 70 % of that obtained with the use of 180 kg ha-1 of N-urea in the fallow.
No-tillage has been increasingly adopted by farmers in South Brazil and it has increased the interest for the mixtures of cover crops in the autumn/winter as source of nitrogen to the corn in succession. A field experiment was carried out on a typic Hapludalf at the experimental area of the Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 1998/99 and 1999/00 to evaluate the effect of single crop and mixtures of black oat (BO) (Avena strigosa Schieb), common vetch (CV) (Vicia sativa L.) and oilseed radish (OR) (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.) on N accumulation and grain yield by corn. The experiment was set in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were: 100 % BO (80 kg ha-1 of seeds), 100 % CV (80 kg ha-1), 100 % OR (14 kg ha-1), 15 % BO + 85 % CV, 30 % BO + 70 % CV, 45 % BO + 55 % CV, 15 % BO + 85 % OR and 30 % BO + 70 % OR. Two additional plots under winter fallow were also used for comparison. Other control treatments were corn cultivated without N fertilizer in one plot and fertilized with 180 kg ha-1 of N-urea in another one. Corn grain yield, dry matter and total N concentration in corn biomass was evaluated at different crop stages. The amount of N accumulated by corn and the grain yield in succession of oat + vetch mixtures were not different from the single vetch, and were proportional to the N amount in the vetch biomass of the crop mixtures. Vetch and oilseed radish as single crop or in mixtures with black oat provided a higher corn grain yield than after fallow and single oat. Results of this study indicated that oat + vetch mixtures, up to a maximum proportion of 30 % of oat, attained a productivity of corn grain equivalent to the single vetch and 70 % of that obtained with the use of 180 kg ha-1 of N-urea in the fallow.
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giacomini2004revistaconsorciao
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| Authors | ;S. J. Giacomini;C. Aita;I. C. Chiapinotto;A. P. Hübner;M. G. Marques;F. Cadore |
| Journal | Revista de saude publica |
| Year | 2004 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-06832004000400015
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