Codeine use and harms in Australia: evaluating the effects of re-scheduling.

Clicks: 270
ID: 60282
2019
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score — reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal
Emerging

Ranked #41 of 124 articles by views in addiction (abingdon, england)

Most read Least read

Bar heights use a square-root scale. Only the 120 most-read articles are drawn; the journal has 124 in total.

Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet minted

Create a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.

5 SUSD one-off · no wallet required
Sign in to mint
Abstract
Codeine is the most used opioid globally. In December 2016, Australia announced that low-strength codeine (≤15 mg) would be re-scheduled and no longer available for purchase over-the-counter; this was implemented in February 2018. We aimed to evaluate the effect of this scheduling change on codeine misuse and use, and misuse of other opioids.Interrupted time series analysis of monthly opioid exposure calls to New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSWPIC, captures 50% of Australia's poisoning calls), January 2015 - January 2019, and monthly national codeine sales, March 2015 - March 2019. We incorporated a washout period (January 2017 - January 2018) between the announcement and implementation, when prescriber/consumer behaviour may have been influenced.Intentional opioid overdoses resulting in a call to NSWPIC.We used linear segmented regression to identify abrupt changes in level and slope of fitted lines. Codeine poisonings and sales were stratified into high-strength (>15 mg per dose unit) and low-strength (≤15 mg). Only low-strength formulations were re-scheduled.We observed an abrupt -50.8 percentage (95%CI: -79.0 to -22.6%) level change in monthly codeine-related poisonings and no change in slope in the 12 months after February 2018. There was no increase in calls to the NSWPIC for high-strength products, level change: -37.2% (95%CI: -82.3% to 8%), or non-codeine opioids, level change: -4.4% (95%CI: -33.3% to 24.4%). Overall, the re-scheduling resulted in a level change in opioid calls of -35.8% calls/month (95%CI: -51.2% to -20.4%). Low-strength codeine sales decreased by 87.3% (95%CI: -88.5 to -85.9%), with no increase in high-strength codeine sales in the 14 months following re-scheduling, -4.0% (95%CI: -19.6% to 14.6%).Codeine re-scheduling in Australia appears to have reduced codeine misuse and sales.
Reference Key
cairns2019codeineaddiction Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Cairns, R;Schaffer, A L;Brown, J A;Pearson, S-A;Buckley, N A;
Journal addiction (abingdon, england)
Year 2019
DOI
10.1111/add.14798
URL
Keywords
image guidance brachytherapy image quality dose mobile ct

Citations

No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org

Comments

No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.