Activation of Protein Synthesis, Regeneration and MAPK Signaling Pathways Following Repeated Bouts of Eccentric Cycling.

The aim of this study was to examine the activation of skeletal muscle signaling pathways related to protein synthesis and the gene expression of regeneration/degradation markers following repeated bouts of eccentric cycling. Nine untrained men (25.4 ± 1.9 y) performed two 30-min eccentric cycling bouts (ECC1, ECC2) at 85% of maximal concentric workload, separated by 2 weeks. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and 2h after each bout. Indirect markers of muscle damage were assessed before and 24-48h after exercise. Changes in the Akt/mTOR/S6K1/rpS6 and MAPK signaling pathways were measured by western blot and changes in mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β and myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) were measured by real time PCR. ECC1 induced greater increases in indirect markers of muscle damage compared to ECC2. Phosphorylation of S6K1 and rpS6 increased after both exercise bouts, while phosphorylation of mTOR increased after ECC2 only. Atrogin-1 mRNA expression decreased after ECC1 and ECC2, without changes in MuRF-1 mRNA. Basal mRNA levels of MyoD, MRF4 and Myogenin were higher two weeks after ECC1. MRF4 mRNA increased after ECC1 and ECC2, while MyoD mRNA expression increased only after ECC1. Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK increased after both exercise bouts similar to IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression. All together, these results suggest that differential regulation of the mTOR pathway and MRF expression could mediate the repeated bout effect observed between an initial and a second bout of eccentric exercise.