Respostas de Acacia mangium Willd e Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel a fungos micorrízicos arbusculares nativos provenientes de áreas degradadas pela mineração de bauxita na Amazônia Responses of Acacia mangium Willd and Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel to native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from remaining areas of bauxite mining in Amazon
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2004
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Abstract
A resposta de Acacia mangium Willd (mangium) e Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (tachi) à inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA), oriundos de áreas em recuperação após a extração de bauxita, foi avaliada em experimento com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 14 tratamentos (duas espécies leguminosas e sete tipos de solo) e três repetições. Avaliou-se o número de esporos no solo, a colonização micorrízica, a matéria seca total, o P acumulado, a dependência micorrízica das mudas, e a abundância e a freqüência de espécies. O número de propágulos infectivos (NPI) foi estudado em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com oito diluições de solo inóculo, cinco repetições e uma planta isca (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf). Utilizou-se substrato da mistura de um Planossolo mais areia lavada e fosfato de rocha araxá (0,60 g/kg). O número de esporos aumentou em função do tempo de cobertura das leguminosas. A colonização micorrízica foi mais intensa no tachi. Os valores de matéria seca dessa espécie foram inferiores aos de mangium, que por sua vez extraiu em torno de seis vezes mais P do substrato. Em geral, mangium, ao contrário do tachi, foi facultativa à presença dos FMA, sugerindo sua utilização na recuperação de áreas degradadas sem inoculação prévia. Dentre as 39 espécies de FMA identificadas, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. apresentou maior índice de abundância e freqüência (IAF) e maior NPI, destacando-se entre as espécies pioneiras, ao passo que outras apareceram apenas em estádios sucessionais mais avançados das áreas em recuperação.
The responses of Acacia mangium Willd (mangium) and Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (tachi) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation collected from areas under reclamation after bauxite mining, was evaluated in an completely randomized design distributed in 14 treatments (two legume, species and seven soil types), with three replicates. Evaluated were the number of spores in the soil, the mycorrhizal colonization, the total dry matter, accumulated P, the mycorrhizal dependence of the seedlings and the abundance and the frequency of species. The number of infective propagules (NIP) was studied in a randomized block design, with eight dilutions of soil inoculum, five replicates and a trap plant (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf). Substratum of a Planosol, mixed with washed sand (1:1 v:v), and phosphate of rock Araxá (0.60 g/kg) was used. The number of spores increased in function of time covering of legumes. The mycorrhizal colonization was more intense in tachi. The values of dry matter of that species were inferior to the mangium, that extracted six times larger P of substratum. In general, mangium, contrary to tachi, was facultative to presence of AMF, suggesting the use in degraded areas without previous inoculation. Among the 39 species of identified AMF, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. showed higher index of abundance and frequency (IAF) and higher NIP, standing among pioneering species, while others appeared only under more developed forest of the areas in reclamation.
The responses of Acacia mangium Willd (mangium) and Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (tachi) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation collected from areas under reclamation after bauxite mining, was evaluated in an completely randomized design distributed in 14 treatments (two legume, species and seven soil types), with three replicates. Evaluated were the number of spores in the soil, the mycorrhizal colonization, the total dry matter, accumulated P, the mycorrhizal dependence of the seedlings and the abundance and the frequency of species. The number of infective propagules (NIP) was studied in a randomized block design, with eight dilutions of soil inoculum, five replicates and a trap plant (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf). Substratum of a Planosol, mixed with washed sand (1:1 v:v), and phosphate of rock Araxá (0.60 g/kg) was used. The number of spores increased in function of time covering of legumes. The mycorrhizal colonization was more intense in tachi. The values of dry matter of that species were inferior to the mangium, that extracted six times larger P of substratum. In general, mangium, contrary to tachi, was facultative to presence of AMF, suggesting the use in degraded areas without previous inoculation. Among the 39 species of identified AMF, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. showed higher index of abundance and frequency (IAF) and higher NIP, standing among pioneering species, while others appeared only under more developed forest of the areas in reclamation.
جرت في هذه الدراسة دراسة استجابة نوعيْ *Acacia mangium* Willd (المانغيوم) و*Sclerolobium paniculatum* Vogel (التاشي) للتلقيح بفطريات الميكوريزا الشجيرية (AMF) المستخلصة من مناطق قيد الاستصلاح بعد تعدين البوكسيت، وذلك ضمن تجربة نُفذت بتصميم عشوائي تماماً شملت 14 معاملة (نوعان من البقوليات وسبعة أنواع من التربة) وبثلاث مكررات. شمل التقييم كلاً من: عدد الأبواغ في التربة، والاستعمار الميكوريزي، والوزن الجاف الكلي، وكمية الفوسفور المتراكمة، والاعتماد الميكوريزي للشتلات، فضلاً عن وفرة الأنواع وتكرارها. كما دُرس عدد وحدات التكاثر المعدية (NIP) باستخدام تصميم قطاعات عشوائية، شمل ثمانية تخفيفات لتربة اللقاح، وخمس مكررات، ونباتاً صائداً (*Brachiaria decumbens* Stapf). واستُخدمت ركيزة مكونة من خليط تربة بلانوسول ورمل مغسول (1:1 حجماً) مع فوسفات صخر أراكشا (0.60 جم/كجم).
أظهرت النتائج زيادة في عدد الأبواغ بدلالة مدة الغطاء النباتي للبقوليات، وكان الاستعمار الميكوريزي أكثر كثافة في نبات التاشي. غير أن قيم المادة الجافة لهذا النوع كانت أدنى مقارنةً بالمانغيوم، الذي استخلص بدوره فوسفوراً من الركيزة بنحو ستة أضعاف ما استخلصه التاشي. وبصورة عامة، أظهر المانغيوم، على عكس التاشي، اعتماداً اختيارياً غير إلزامي على وجود فطريات الميكوريزا الشجيرية، مما يُرجح إمكانية استخدامه في استصلاح المناطق المتدهورة دون الحاجة إلى تلقيح مسبق. ومن بين 39 نوعاً حُددت من فطريات الميكوريزا الشجيرية، سجّل النوع *Glomus macrocarpum* Tul. & Tul. أعلى مؤشر للوفرة والتكرار وأعلى عدد لوحدات التكاثر المعدية، متميزاً بذلك بين الأنواع الرائدة، في حين لم تظهر أنواع أخرى إلا في مراحل تعاقبية أكثر تقدماً في المناطق الخاضعة للاستصلاح.
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marinho2004respostasacta
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| Authors | Marinho, Ney Freitas;Caproni, Ana Lucy;Franco, Avílio Antônio;Berbara, Ricardo Luís Louro; |
| Journal | acta botânica brasílica |
| Year | 2004 |
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| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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