GRB 241030A: A fallback-accreting magnetar description of the early X-ray emission

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ID: 338026
2026
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Abstract
Abstract The bright, variable early X-ray emission of GRB 241030A at z = 1.411 motivates investigating continued central-engine activity before the smoother afterglow emerges. We model a possible underlying magnetar contribution to the unabsorbed 0.3–10 keV XRT flux over 80–430 s, evolving the spin under fallback-disk and electromagnetic torques. A descriptive estimate gives P0 ≃ 4.25 ms, B ≃ 3.04 × 1015 G and source-frame tfb ≃ 143 s, with exploratory temporal-block uncertainty ranges. The effective efficiency reaches its geometry-dependent ceiling of 81.2. At observer time 200 s, this realization has P* ≃ 4.82 ms and magnetospheric, corotation and light-cylinder radii rm ≃ 235 km, rco ≃ 48 km and rLC ≃ 230 km. It is on the ejector branch; light-cylinder entry near 255 s initiates negative propeller torque and steepens the decline. The smooth component declines throughout the fitted interval; additional variable emission contributes to the observed maximum near 180 s. A correlated-residual Bayesian analysis permits a fainter component and broader dynamical histories, with median P0 = 16.8 ms and central 68 per cent interval 2.76–286 ms. However, posterior predictive checks reveal that this statistical description typically underpredicts the observed flux level and variability, limiting its physical interpretation. Fallback-modified magnetar activity remains a possible descriptive scenario, but these analyses do not establish a unique underlying component or robust constraints on the initial spin and disk-interaction history. We also discuss Lense–Thirring precession and alternative mechanisms as possible origins of the early X-ray variability.
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Authors Nissim Illich Fraija, Simone Dichiara, Antonio Galván
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag2044
URL
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2044/72621450/stag2044.pdf
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