Comprehensive Researcher Achievement Model (CRAM): a framework for measuring researcher achievement, impact and influence derived from a systematic literature review of metrics and models.

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ID: 3357
2019
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Abstract
Effective researcher assessment is key to decisions about funding allocations, promotion and tenure. We aimed to identify what is known about methods for assessing researcher achievements, leading to a new composite assessment model.We systematically reviewed the literature via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols framework.All Web of Science databases (including Core Collection, MEDLINE and BIOSIS Citation Index) to the end of 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: (1) English language, (2) published in the last 10 years (2007-2017), (3) full text was available and (4) the article discussed an approach to the assessment of an individual researcher's achievements.Articles were allocated among four pairs of reviewers for screening, with each pair randomly assigned 5% of their allocation to review concurrently against inclusion criteria. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa (ĸ). The ĸ statistic showed agreement ranging from moderate to almost perfect (0.4848-0.9039). Following screening, selected articles underwent full-text review and bias was assessed.Four hundred and seventy-eight articles were included in the final review. Established approaches developed prior to our inclusion period (eg, citations and outputs, h-index and journal impact factor) remained dominant in the literature and in practice. New bibliometric methods and models emerged in the last 10 years including: measures based on PageRank algorithms or 'altmetric' data, methods to apply peer judgement and techniques to assign values to publication quantity and quality. Each assessment method tended to prioritise certain aspects of achievement over others.All metrics and models focus on an element or elements at the expense of others. A new composite design, the Comprehensive Researcher Achievement Model (CRAM), is presented, which supersedes past anachronistic models. The CRAM is modifiable to a range of applications.
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braithwaite2019comprehensivebmj Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Braithwaite, Jeffrey;Herkes, Jessica;Churruca, Kate;Long, Janet C;Pomare, Chiara;Boyling, Claire;Bierbaum, Mia;Clay-Williams, Robyn;Rapport, Frances;Shih, Patti;Hogden, Anne;Ellis, Louise A;Ludlow, Kristiana;Austin, Elizabeth;Seah, Rebecca;McPherson, Elise;Hibbert, Peter D;Westbrook, Johanna;
Journal BMJ open
Year 2019
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025320
URL
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