The descendants of z ≳ 10 JWST galaxies in the COLIBRE simulations

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ID: 333767
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Recent observations with JWST have revealed a population of UV-bright galaxies at z ≳ 10. This discovery naturally raises the question: what do such early galaxies evolve into by the present day? In this work, we address this descendant question using the new-generation COLIBRE cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to trace bright galaxies selected at z = 10 and follow their descendants to the present day. Most of the high-redshift galaxies do not survive as distinct, self-bound objects to z = 0; instead, the majority are incorporated into more massive systems through merging or disruption. The surviving descendants span a broad range of present-day stellar masses, although they are most commonly intermediate- to high-mass, M⋆ ∼ 1010–1011 M⊙. They typically reside in galaxy groups and clusters, with host halo masses, M200c ∼ 1013–1014 M⊙. The large scatter in descendant stellar mass shows that present-day outcomes retain only a weak memory of the stellar mass of the high-redshift progenitor. We show that the evolution of descendant host halo masses is consistent with the forward conditional distribution predicted by extended Press–Schechter (EPS) theory, both in the median growth and in the large scatter in descendant mass. In particular, EPS confirms that massive present-day galaxies typically do not originate from the most massive objects at high redshift. A galaxy observed at z ≳ 10 therefore cannot be interpreted as the direct progenitor of a single class of z = 0 galaxies.
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Authors Zhao Xu, Carlos Silvestre Frenk, Andrew Pontzen, Kyle A. Oman, Evgenii Chaikin, Isabel Santos-Santos, Shengdong Lu, Joop Schaye, Alejandro Benítez-Llambay, Filip Huško, Alexander J. Richings, Matthieu Schaller
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag2039
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag2039
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