Multi-dimensional NLTE radiative transfer for a double detonation Type Ia explosion model in the photospheric phase

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ID: 333738
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Previous radiative transfer calculations have shown that both multi-dimensionality and NLTE (non local thermodynamic equilibrium) effects impact the synthetic observables predicted for Type Ia supernova explosion models. Here we carry out a 2D NLTE radiative transfer simulation in the photospheric phase for a double detonation model with a 1 M⊙ carbon–oxygen core and 0.02 M⊙ helium shell. The predicted observables demonstrate that departures from both spherical symmetry and local thermodynamic equilibrium are significant on scales relevant to comparisons with observations. The NLTE treatment leads to a bluer spectral energy distribution, more slowly declining optical-band light curves, changes to the near-infrared light curve shapes, and differences in the evolution of key spectral features. Although substantial viewing-angle variation is predicted for the model, the scale of the variation is not significantly impacted by NLTE effects up to peak. However, after peak, our 2D NLTE simulation retains a strong viewing-angle dependence in its spectra whereas our simulation of the same ejecta model using an approximate NLTE treatment predicts significantly reduced spectroscopic viewing-angle variation. The NLTE treatment leads to improved agreement with normal Type Ia supernovae, primarily due to the increased ionisation state of the simulation, although the absence of a secondary near-infrared maximum suggests that the ejecta remain over-ionised relative to observations after peak. Despite the improved agreement, many viewing angles still show excessive line blanketing, suggesting that the 0.02 M⊙ helium-shell mass of the current model is too large to reproduce normal Type Ia supernovae over the majority of lines of sight.
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Authors F. P. Callan, Luke Jeremy Shingles, S. A. Sim, Christine E. Collins, J. M. Pollin, Rüdiger Pakmor, S. Gronow, F. K. Roepke, Alexander Holas, Ivo Rolf Seitenzahl
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag2038
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag2038
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