Changes in bovine follicular fluid cytokine profile associated with oocyte developmental competence

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ID: 332228
2026
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Abstract
Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the cytokine profile of bovine follicular fluid (FF) enclosing oocytes with contrasting developmental competence (Experiment 1) to identify competence-associated biomarkers. The FF was collected from individual 2-4 mm follicles of abattoir-derived ovaries, diluted in PBS, centrifuged, and stored at - 80 °C. At the same time, the corresponding oocytes were individually matured, fertilized, and cultured. On day 8 of culture, the stored FF samples were retrospectively assigned to three different categories corresponding to: oocytes that reached the blastocyst stage (B), cleaved oocytes (C), and uncleaved oocytes (U). A panel of 30 cytokines was analyzed in sixteen individual follicles per category using the Quantibody® Bovine Cytokine Array 30 kit. Ttumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was higher (P < 0.05) in the B group than in the U group, with similar values recorded in the C group. The concentration of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF) was reduced (P < 0.01) in the B group compared to the C and U groups. The B group had lower (P < 0.05) levels of Interleukin-15 (IL-15) than the C group, with no significant difference compared with the U group. The Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 (IP-10) levels were lower (P < 0.05) in both the B and C groups compared to the U group. A decrease in Interleukin-17a (IL-17a) was observed only in the C group compared to the other groups. Another objective of the present study was to assess whether including TNF-α, which showed significantly higher abundance (P < 0.05) in FF corresponding to competent oocytes, in a simulated physiological oocyte maturation system (SPOM) would improve embryo yields (Experiment 2). Therefore, bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in SPOM with 0, 0.28 ng/mL, 0.46 ng/mL, and 1 ng/mL TNF-α, fertilized, and cultured to the blastocyst stage. However, TNF-α supplementation during SPOM did not improve embryo development compared with the control. In conclusion, the cytokine profile of FF varied according to oocyte developmental competence, enabling the identification of TNF-α as a potential positive marker and aFGF, IP-10, and IL-15 as negative markers of competence.
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Authors R Esposito, F Piscopo, C Benedetti, M Kosior, G Albero, V Longobardi, M Hoelker, B Gasparrini
Journal italian journal of animal science
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jas/skag334
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag334
Keywords Keywords not found

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