Constrain the Size of Broad Line Region in NGC 1068 Using Sub-millimeter Excess

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ID: 332202
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Constraining the size of broad-line region (BLR) close to the accretion disk in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is key to understand the central engine and evolution of AGN. We propose a new method to constrain the BLR size, based on millimeter to sub-millimeter spectral energy distribution (SED), from which a sub-millimeter excess may be found. Such excess can be used to determine the solid angle of the free-free emission region from BLR, as a region with high electron density and optically thick at sub-millimeter wavelength for free-free continuum. Millimeter to sub-millimeter SED analysis toward the central source S1 in a nearby type II AGN NGC 1068 was done, which gave an upper limit on the solid angle of BLR region as (4.94 ± 0.61) × 10−6 arcsec2, corresponding to a radius no more than 0.085 pc. Such a constraint on the BLR size is important for estimating the masses of central supermassive black holes in AGNs.
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Authors Qi Guo, Junzhi Wang, Lingrui Lin, Yuqiang Li, Zhi-Yu Zhang, Fengyao Zhu
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1946
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1946
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