Sex-specific divergence in leaf phosphorus economy in F raxinus velutina Torr. under short-term simulated nitrogen deposition

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ID: 331972
2026
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Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can substantially alter nutrient balance and internal nutrient recycling in trees, yet how dioecious species regulate phosphorus (P) economy in a sex-specific manner under N enrichment remains poorly understood. We investigated how short-term N enrichment differentially modifies leaf functional traits, leaf stoichiometry, and nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies (NRE and PRE) in female and male Fraxinus velutina Torr. using a field canopy-spray experiment with two N addition levels. Although N addition consistently promoted leaf structural traits, neither sex nor the N × S interaction significantly affected leaf morphological traits, suggesting that sexual dimorphism in this species manifests primarily in nutrient economy rather than leaf structure. Under N enrichment, P-related traits exhibited pronounced sex-specific responses, with significant N × S interactions: under high N, females increased leaf P concentration and exhibited lower N:P, whereas males increased leaf N concentration, resulting in higher N:P. N addition reduced NRE in both sexes, but PRE responses differed markedly: PRE declined progressively in males under elevated N, while females maintained a moderate reduction in PRE. SMA and multivariate analyses further showed that nutrient resorption in males was more strongly associated with current-season stoichiometric variation, whereas in females, nutrient resorption showed a stronger association with P status. Together, these findings identify P balance as the primary axis of sex-specific nutrient regulation under N enrichment, with females maintaining more stable internal P homeostasis than males. This distinction that underscores the need to account for plant sex in assessments of dioecious tree responses to increasing atmospheric N deposition.
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Authors Zhi-rong XU, Xue-Ying Ren, Liu Yang, Xiaoqian Meng, Cheng-Yang XU, Xin-Na Zhang, Tao Chen, Wen-Xue Wang, Qiu-Ling Ning
Journal Tree physiology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/treephys/tpag143
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpag143
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