In vitro methods for measuring cytotoxic activity of cylindrospermopsin as alternatives to animal testing

Clicks: 11
ID: 331835
2026
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Ranked #224 of 230 articles by views in FEMS microbiology letters

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Abstract
Abstract Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacterial blooms found in brackish and fresh water. CYN is implicated in toxicity to fish, cattle, and humans, by contaminating water, affecting millions of people worldwide. Limitations of current detection methods of CYN, like chromatography and ELISA, are that they cannot differentiate between the deactivated harmless, and active cytotoxic harmful form of toxin. The only current test to detect biologically active CYN is a mouse bioassay. We show here that CYN inhibits in a dose-dependent manner cell metabolic activities and transduced viral replication and protein expression. We used these findings to develop novel in vitro activity assays to identify, quantify, and differentiate the harmful active CYN and the harmless inactive one. These new in vitro cell-based activity assays have similar sensitivities to that of the currently used in vivo LD50 mouse bioassay. Utilizing these in vitro methods, we also demonstrate that CYN is heat-resistant but can be inactivated by pretreatment with H2O2 at a neutral pH after exposure to direct sunlight. Our results suggest that these in vitro assays can be used as an alternative to animal use, to evaluate the presence of biologically active cytotoxic CYN, to ensure water safety.
Reference Key
openalex_W7220999650 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Reuven Rasooly, Naomi Balaban, X. He
Journal FEMS microbiology letters
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/femsle/fnag118
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnag118
Keywords Keywords not found

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