Dynamics around non-spherical symmetric bodies – III. The case of a spherical body with a crater

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2026
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Abstract
Abstract Motivated by the peculiar features of the trans-Neptunian object (TNO) Máni and the discovery of ring systems around Centaurs and trans-Neptunian bodies, we investigate the stability of particles around a small irregular body hosting a deep equatorial crater. This study is the third contribution in a sequence devoted to the dynamics around non-spherically symmetric bodies. Using Máni as a reference model, whose crater depth exceeds 10% of its radius, we map the system stability through complementary methods: Poincaré surfaces of section (PSS), survival maps, and the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE). In the nominal case, the 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, and 4 : 1 spin-orbit resonances (SORs) are consistently identified by all techniques. The prominent 3 : 1 SOR exhibits a bifurcated structure at high eccentricities, matching structural transitions observed at lower Jacobi constant values in the PSSs. Increasing the rotation rate (λ) and crater mass ratio (μ) enlarges resonance widths and promotes overlap, making the 2 : 1 and 4 : 1 SORs progressively dominant. Lower rotation rates allow stable trajectories to persist at higher eccentricities, whereas the 1 : 1 SOR is highly sensitive to stronger perturbations and disappears in the most extreme cases. In contrast to mass-anomaly models, which can clear the region interior to the 2 : 1 SOR, the crater configuration considered here preserves stable regions in this vicinity, suggesting alternative scenarios for the formation and maintenance of debris structures around irregular minor bodies.
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Authors P. V. S. Soares, G. Madeira, S. M. Giuliatti Winter, T. Ribeiro, O. C. Winter
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1900
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1900
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