Deep Learning-Augmented Earthquake Catalog from a Large-N Array Reveals Seismogenic Hotspots Associated with Moderate-Rate Saltwater Disposal in Oklahoma’s Mississippi Limestone Play

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ID: 331513
2026
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Abstract
Summary The central United States has experienced a surge in induced seismicity linked to wastewater injection, with Oklahoma as a key study area. While the broader effects of large-scale injection are well documented, the relationship between local injection activities and short-term seismicity fluctuations is less understood. Using deep learning and dense seismic monitoring, we developed an enhanced earthquake catalog and identified four persistent, low-magnitude (ML= – 0.69 to 2.83) seismic clusters within an active saltwater-disposal region. These clusters, several located near mapped faults, exhibit near-daily activity and provide case studies for examining local injection–seismicity dynamics. We find that injection histories for wells within approximately 8–10 km of the clusters generally exhibit stronger temporal correspondence with seismicity than those aggregated over larger spatial scales. Analysis of individual wells further identifies injection histories exhibiting comparatively strong short-term temporal correspondence with observed seismicity, independent of average injection rate or well distance. These relationships are interpreted as statistical associations within a pre-existing regional stress and pore-pressure state rather than evidence of direct hydraulic causality. Compared with higher-moment induced-seismicity cases, the detected clusters exhibit comparable patterns of cumulative seismic moment growth but at predominantly lower magnitudes. These low-moment sequences demonstrate how deep learning–augmented, high-resolution earthquake catalogs can reveal short-term variations in seismic response that are poorly resolved by conventional regional catalogs. Our results suggest that temporal similarity metrics may complement established injection-rate and distance criteria by identifying individual wells for further evaluation in induced-seismicity monitoring and mitigation strategies.
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Authors Michał Chamarczuk, Ting Chen, Kai Gao, Colin N. Pennington
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Journal geophysical journal international
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/gji/ggag414
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggag414
Keywords Keywords not found

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