Everything Everywhere All At Once: A Hierarchical Framework for Mapping Anisotropies in the Local Universe

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ID: 331499
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We present a Bayesian hierarchical forward model for mapping the local luminosity-density field from heterogeneous redshift surveys. By dividing the survey volume into angular cells and redshift shells, we model the observed galaxy distribution directly in apparent-magnitude and redshift space. This allows us to infer cell-level luminosity functions and densities while preserving each survey’s unique selection function. Simultaneously, the ensemble of cells constrains the cosmic-mean luminosity function, its redshift evolution, and the hyperparameters describing cell-to-cell variation. We apply the framework to 2MRS, 6dFGS, and GAMA over 0.005 < z < 0.065, combining wide sky coverage with deeper and fainter galaxy samples. The model successfully recovers global J-band luminosity-function parameters and a mean luminosity density consistent with previous low-redshift measurements. The inferred luminosity-density scatter decreases with volume, consistent with the cosmic-variance amplitude expected in a ΛCDM universe. Within the volume we probe, we find no evidence for a large coherent underdensity. Instead, the local Universe is broadly consistent with smooth evolution and cosmic variance. The nearest shell at z ≃ 0.01 is the clearest exception, lying ≃ 0.12 dex (≃ 25%) below the smooth global model, a −2.6σ underdensity with a one-sided significance of ≃ 99.5%. This framework offers a scalable architecture for mapping cosmic density fields with next-generation wide and deep surveys.
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Authors Aryan Bansal, Edward N. Taylor, Michelle Cluver, Matthew Colless
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1867
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1867
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