How do supernovae regulate the star formation rate in dwarf galaxies?

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ID: 330803
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Stars form in cold, dense clouds embedded in galactic discs, but whether their formation is primarily regulated by gravitational collapse, turbulence, or stellar feedback remains unclear. Using four high-resolution dwarf galaxy simulations with and without supernova (SN) feedback and magnetic fields, we test how feedback regulates the supply of dense gas and, consequently, the star formation rate (SFR). Although the SFR does increase when SNe are turned off, this increase is only by a factor of a few. Instead, across all models, the theoretical maximum SFR originally proposed by Zuckerman and Palmer, defined as the ratio of the total dense gas mass to its mean free-fall time (Mdense/τff), always exceeds the measured SFR by nearly two orders of magnitude. Moreover, the increase of the SFR in the case without SNe is accompanied by a nearly corresponding increase of the total dense gas mass (Mdense), such that the dense-gas depletion time, τ ≡ SFR/Mdense, decreases by only ∼33% in the hydrodynamical case and by about 55% in the magnetohydrodynamical models. This indicates that SN feedback does not primarily act by slowing the collapse of dense gas, but instead by limiting how much diffuse gas can be converted into dense gas.
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Authors David J Whitworth, Enrique Vazquez‐Semadeni, Javier Ballesteros‐Paredes, G C Gómez
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1869
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1869
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