The BUFFALO Survey : The Subhalo Mass Function for Abell 2744 with Strong+Weak Gravitational Lensing

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ID: 329869
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We present a combined strong and weak gravitational lensing mass model of the massive merging galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (z = 0.308). The mass reconstruction combines strong-lensing constraints in the cluster core with weak-lensing measurements derived from deep imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), enabling a reconstruction of the projected mass distribution from the core to the cluster outskirts. Using the resulting mass map, we identify cluster substructures and construct the subhalo mass function (SHMF) for Abell 2744. To interpret the observed substructure population, we apply identical detection methods to projected mass maps of massive galaxy clusters from the BAryons and HAloes of MAssive Systems (BAHAMAS) simulations. We observe a systematic excess of detected substructures in Abell 2744 compared to BAHAMAS. We interpret this excess as likely reflecting Abell 2744’s exceptionally disturbed dynamical state, characterised by complex ongoing mergers, rather than tension with ΛCold dark matter (ΛCDM) or Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) predictions. Although, confirming this interpretation will require extending the analysis to a larger sample of clusters spanning a range of dynamical states.
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Authors Nency Patel, Mathilde Jauzac, Anna Niemiec, Guillaume Mahler, David J. Lagattuta, David Harvey, Johannes Schwinn, Andrew Robertson, Lukas J. Furtak, Sownak Bose, Alastair C. Edge, Anton M. Koekemoer, J. M. Diego, Andreas Faisst, Eric Jullo, Marceau Limousin, R. Massey, Derek Perera, Sut-Ieng Tam
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1849
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1849
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