Multi-tracer mass bias in matched cosmic voids from SDSS DR7 and the ELUCID constrained simulation

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ID: 329647
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Cosmic voids provide a unique environment for studying the relationship between galaxies, subhaloes, and dark matter in the underdense Universe. Using the SDSS galaxy catalogue and the ELUCID constrained simulation, we establish an observationally anchored framework for measuring multi-tracer mass bias within matched cosmic voids. A sample of 102 matched void pairs is constructed to compare galaxy, subhalo, and dark matter mass distributions within an observationally constrained realisation of the local Universe. We find that both the galaxy-to-dark matter and subhalo-to-dark matter mass ratios decrease toward void centres, indicating that luminous and halo tracers become increasingly depleted relative to the underlying matter distribution in the deepest underdensities. In contrast, the galaxy-to-subhalo mass ratio exhibits substantially larger statistical uncertainties within the inner void regions (r/Rv ≲ 0.5). By comparing measurements obtained using independent and common coordinate frameworks, we show that coordinate offsets contribute to the observed scatter but cannot fully account for the large uncertainties. The remaining uncertainty primarily arises from the severe scarcity of massive subhaloes (log10(Msub/h−1M⊙) ≥ 11.8) within void interiors, which greatly reduces the number of statistically valid measurements near void centres. Our results provide an empirical characterization of multi-tracer mass bias in observationally constrained cosmic environments and demonstrate the importance of accounting for coordinate consistency and tracer scarcity when interpreting such measurements in extreme underdense regions.
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Authors Youcai Zhang, Xiaohu Yang, Hong Guo, Peng Wang
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1809
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1809
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