Recurrent double-peaked γ-ray sub-flares in PKS 1424–418

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ID: 329378
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We report a hint of recurrent double-peaked γ-ray sub-flares in PKS 1424–418 during two similar major active epochs, MJD 56117–56498 and MJD 59669–59978. The candidate double-peaked sub-flares show a characteristic intra-subflare peak separation of ~11.8 d and a neighbouring-subflare spacing of ~67 d. Red-noise Monte Carlo tests indicate that the candidate recurrent double-peaked morphology is not easily reproduced by stochastic variability alone, with false-alarm probabilities of pa = 0.0216 and pb = 0.0006 for the two active epochs, respectively. In the simulations of the entire Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) light curve, no red-noise realisation reproduces both epoch-like structures. The spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling shows similar radiative properties for the two peaks of one double-peaked candidate, while changes in the Doppler factor appear to play an important role in the flaring activity. Together with the previously reported near-zero lag between the millimetre and γ-ray emission, these results suggest that the recurrent activity may be associated with the compact mm/sub-mm core region. We discuss a possible structured-jet scenario in which a single disturbance propagates through a chain of quasi-stationary recollimation shocks. In this picture, repeated interactions between the disturbance and the shock structure may qualitatively account for both the double-peaked sub-flare profiles and the observed ~11.8 d and ~67 d time-scales. Further active epochs are required to determine whether this similarity represents a recurrent long-term behaviour.
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Authors Na Wang, Tong Liu, Jingran Xu
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1782
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1782
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