A PSA4–YCF4 complex promotes assembly of the photosystem I reaction center in Arabidopsis

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ID: 329210
2026
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Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of nature's most intricate and efficient nanomachines driving photosynthetic electron transfer. Its biogenesis requires a sophisticated, multi-step assembly pathway coordinated by a suite of nucleus- and plastid-encoded factors, yet the precise molecular mechanisms governing the earliest and most critical steps regarding the formation of its reaction center PsaA-PsaB remain poorly understood. Here, we have identified and characterized PSA4 (Photosystem I Assembly 4), a thylakoid membrane protein conserved in land plants and green algae. PSA4 physically interacts with the conserved assembly factor YCF4 to form a functional complex. Loss of PSA4 drastically destabilizes YCF4 and impairs the normal accumulation of PSI. In vivo pulse-labeling demonstrates that the PSA4-YCF4 complex is specifically required for the efficient synthesis of the PSI reaction center subunits PsaA and PsaB, while their translation initiation appears unaffected. Topology analyses reveal that both the N- and C-termini of YCF4 face the thylakoid lumen, where they directly interact with four proximal luminal loops of the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer. Based on these findings, we propose that PSA4 and YCF4 form a dedicated complex that promotes the assembly of the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer during the early steps of PSI biogenesis in chloroplasts.
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Authors Fudan Gao, Qiang Xin, Lin Zhang, Lujuan Cai, Junxiang Ruan, Junhao Li, Tongtong Song, Weijie Chen, Jean‐David Rochaix, Lianwei Peng
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Journal The Plant cell
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/plcell/koag292
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag292
Keywords Keywords not found

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