NLA proteins: Master regulators that integrate nutrient homeostasis, stress adaptation, and plant development

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ID: 329127
2026
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Abstract
Abstract As sessile organisms, plants rely on intricate molecular regulatory networks to navigate complex, fluctuating environments and diverse stress conditions. Nitrogen Limitation Adaptation (NLA), a RING-type ubiquitin ligase harboring an SPX domain, has emerged as a central hub integrating plant responses to nutrient availability, pathogen attack, and cold stress. This review provides a systematic overview of the structural features of NLA, with a particular focus on the regulatory role of inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) in plant phosphorus signaling. We highlight the core functions of NLA in maintaining nitrogen–phosphorus homeostasis and mediating the crosstalk between nutrient status and immune defense. A key mechanism we discuss is the role of maize ZmNLA in "cold–phosphorus" trade-off, whereby ZmNLA activates jasmonate signaling to enhance cold tolerance by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of the signaling repressor ZmJAZ11, while simultaneously restricting phosphate uptake via targeting the phosphate transporter ZmPT4. Notably, the ZmNLAΔ12 variant, which has an impaired PP-InsPs binding site, functionally uncouples this trade-off through structure-guided protein design. Finally, we propose future research directions and discuss the potential for breeding new crop varieties with enhanced stress adaptation and improved nutrient use efficiency.
Reference Key
openalex_W7213562963 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Tao Wu, Ziyi Yang, Surya Kant, Lei Shi, Cheng Hu
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Journal Journal of experimental botany
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jxb/erag476
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag476
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