Multi-timescale optical variability of 3C 454.3 observed at the Maidanak Observatory

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ID: 328496
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We present a multi-timescale BVRI optical variability study of the FSRQ 3C 454.3 using observations obtained at the Maidanak Astronomical Observatory from 2001 to 2024. The source shows strong variability in all optical bands, with variability amplitudes (maximum minus minimum) of about 3.7–4.1 mag. The flux distributions are better described by lognormal models than by normal distributions, and positive rms–flux relations are found in all filters, indicating flux-dependent variability. The R-band power spectral density shows red-noise behaviour with a slope of β = 1.118 ± 0.17. The colour–magnitude analysis reveals state-dependent colour behaviour, with both piecewise and parabolic relations preferred over single linear trends. The piecewise break magnitudes cluster around R ≃ 15.16 ± 0.04 mag, while the parabolic fits, which are statistically preferred, place the turnover of the colour trend at Rturn = 14.19 ± 0.01 mag. The source is redder when brighter in its faint states and bluer when brighter above the turnover, in agreement with earlier WEBT results. Significant intranight variability is detected in 13 out of 17 usable intranight light curves, with amplitudes of about 0.065–0.219 mag. The shortest significant timescale, Δtobs ≃ 3.36 h, constrains the optical emitting-region size to R ≲ 1.95 × 1015 (δ/10) cm. These results indicate that the optical variability of 3C 454.3 is driven by long-term stochastic jet activity, flux-dependent variations, state-dependent spectral changes, and compact emitting regions responsible for intranight flux variations.
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Authors O A Xalilov, D O Mirzaqulov, S A Ehgamberdiev, О. Бурхонов, C. M. Raiteri
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1682
URL
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag1682/71034159/stag1682.pdf
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