Effects of increasing dietary trypsin inhibitor levels on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, gut inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, morphology, barrier integrity, and hindgut fermentation of nursery pigs

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ID: 328256
2026
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Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing trypsin inhibitor (TI) levels in nursery diets on growth performance and intestinal function of nursery pigs. A total of 120 newly weaned piglets (5.16 ± 1.03 kg initial body weight; weaned at 18.1 ± 1.48 d of age) were allotted to 5 treatments in 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen for a 28-d trial. Dietary treatments were increasing TI levels at 1.5, 3.1, 4.8, 6.4, and 8.0 TIU/mg, achieved by graded inclusion of raw soybean. At d 28 postweaning, blood, intestinal mucosa, intestine, digesta, and fecal samples were collected. Increasing dietary TI levels linearly decreased final body weight and average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio during the overall nursery period (P < 0.05) but increased diarrhea incidence up to d 21 postweaning (P < 0.05). In jejunal mucosa, increasing dietary TI levels increased interleukin-8 concentrations linearly (P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations quadratically (P < 0.05), while increasing interleukin-8 and interferon-γ linearly in ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). Calprotectin levels tended to increase linearly in colon digesta (P = 0.07) and feces (P = 0.07) with increasing dietary TI levels. In jejunum, mucosal catalase levels linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary TI levels, while mucosal protein carbonyl levels in ileum linearly increased (P < 0.05). Serum diamine oxidase levels tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.07) and serum urea nitrogen had a quadratic response (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary TI levels. In duodenum and ileum, increasing dietary TI levels linearly decreased villus height and increased crypt depth, resulting in a linear reduction in villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). In jejunal mucosa, increasing dietary TI levels linearly increased mucin-2 (P < 0.05) levels and tended to linearly increase occludin levels (P = 0.06). Increasing dietary TI levels linearly decreased fecal acetate (P < 0.05) and total short chain fatty acid (P < 0.05) concentrations and tended to linearly decrease fecal butyrate (P = 0.07) concentrations, while fecal isobutyrate and isovalerate concentrations tended to increase quadratically (P < 0.10). In conclusion, increasing dietary TI levels negatively affected growth performance and indicators of intestinal function in nursery pigs, as evidenced by impaired gut morphology, alterations in intestinal barrier-related markers and short chain fatty acid production, and increased inflammation in nursery pigs.
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openalex_W7211995249 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Chan Ho Kwon, Eva S Safaie, Ji Hye Lee, Jannell A Torres, S Maria Mendoza, Jinlei Wen, Markus K Wiltafsky-Martin, SunHyung Kim, Hari B Krishnan, Young Dal Jang
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Journal italian journal of animal science
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jas/skag290
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag290
Keywords Keywords not found

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