Cigarette Smoke and E-Cigarette Aerosol Extracts Induce Myelopoiesis and Suppress Inflammatory Cytokine Production
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ID: 327563
2026
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Abstract
Tobacco and nicotine use remain leading preventable drivers of cancer risk, and both combustible cigarettes and electronic nicotine devices perturb immune function and hematopoiesis. However, side-by-side comparisons of their effects across the hematopoietic hierarchy remain limited. Here, we evaluate the impact of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and e-cigarette vapor extract (EVE) on inflammatory responses in mature myeloid cells and on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function using complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches. Using a standardized protocol applied across multiple macrophage models, including RAW264.7 cells, THP-1 macrophages, primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we found that CSE consistently suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in a dose-dependent manner, while EVE alone had minimal effect. CSE also induced foam cell formation in macrophages through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism. Additionally, both CSE and EVE suppressed hematopoietic progenitor colony formation. To model real-world exposure patterns, we used a nose-only inhalation system to deliver combustible cigarette smoke followed by e-cigarette aerosol to mice. Sequential smoke and e-cigarette exposure increased platelet counts and myeloid cell frequency, effects not observed with smoking cessation alone. Myeloid skewing persisted through secondary transplantation, indicating durable, cell-intrinsic changes to the hematopoietic stem cell compartment. Together, these findings demonstrate that tobacco and e-cigarette exposures blunt innate immune responsiveness while driving lasting myeloid-biased hematopoiesis, with implications for infection susceptibility, cardiovascular disease, and hematologic malignancy risk.
| Reference Key |
openalex_W7117116944
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| Authors | Jeanette Sullivan, H. Z. Huang, Jianhong C Heidmann, Francisco Diaz, Camille Brzechffa, Jane H Chen, Eli M. Soyfer, Nneamaka Iwobi, Irene Hasen, Amanda Ting, Nicole Sparks, Michael T. Kleinman, Angela Fleischman |
| Journal | toxicological sciences : an official journal of the society of toxicology |
| Year | 2026 |
| DOI |
10.1093/toxsci/kfag096
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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