Non-linear associations between blood pressure and clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Clicks: 2
ID: 326618
2026
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score — reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal
Emerging

Ranked #88 of 88 articles by views in EP Europace

Most read Least read

Bar heights use a square-root scale.

Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet minted

Create a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.

5 SUSD one-off · no wallet required
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hypertension carries the highest attributable risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) and strongly influences clinical outcomes such as stroke and death; however, the optimal blood pressure targets in individuals with AF remain poorly defined. We aimed to characterise the dose-response relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and ischaemic stroke, all-cause mortality, and intracranial haemorrhage. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for studies reporting outcomes in AF stratified by SBP and DBP. A two-stage dose-response meta-analysis used restricted cubic splines to model non-linearity, with within-study correlation handled by the Greenland-Longnecker method. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies (17 cohorts; n = 476,750) were included. SBP demonstrated a U-shaped association with all-cause mortality, with the lowest risk at 134 mmHg (RR 0.92, 0.86-0.98 versus 120 mmHg). DBP exhibited a J-shaped association, with the lowest risk at 83 mmHg (RR 0.99, 0.97-1.02). In contrast to mortality, the risks of ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, and stroke or systemic embolism rose progressively with SBP, with a steepening gradient. At 140 versus 120 mmHg, the RR was 1.51 for intracranial haemorrhage against 1.08 for ischaemic stroke, reaching 1.99 versus 1.14 at 150 mmHg. CONCLUSION: Systolic blood pressure exhibits a U-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality in patients with AF, balancing against a monotonic increase in ischemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage at higher pressures. A pragmatic target SBP of 120-130 mmHg with DBP kept above approximately 75-80 mmHg, appears to optimize the balance between stroke prevention, bleeding risk, and survival.
Reference Key
openalex_W7204576108 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Elnaz Shahmohamadi, Alessandra Pina, Adrian D. Elliott, Jonathan P. Ariyaratnam, Melissa E. Middeldorp, Prashanthan Sanders
Journal EP Europace
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/europace/euag223
URL
Keywords Keywords not found

Citations

No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org

No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.