Nonclinical Investigation of the Potential of MHAA4549A, an Anti-Influenza A Therapeutic Antibody, to Mediate Antibody-Dependent Enhancement

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ID: 326260
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection and disease is a theoretical safety risk for antiviral antibodies against seasonal viruses with antigenic drift such as influenza. ADE of infection may occur if virus-specific antibodies at sub-therapeutic, non-neutralizing concentrations facilitate virus uptake, thus potentially enhancing virus replication. In contrast, ADE of disease reflects exacerbation of viral disease severity through viral replication dependent or independent mechanisms. Because of the theoretical concern of ADE, nonclinical safety assessment of therapeutic anti-influenza antibodies includes a thorough evaluation of ADE potential. The current set of studies were conducted to investigate the potential of MHAA4549A – a broadly specific, neutralizing, therapeutic anti-influenza A antibody–to elicit ADE of infection and disease of influenza H3N2 A/Aichi/2/68 (X31) across a broad dose range. Assessment of ADE was based on totality of results from both in vitro and mouse influenza studies with integration across study endpoints. In vitro studies demonstrated that MHAA4549A can mediate increased X31 entry into human and murine monocytic cells, but increased uptake did not result in enhanced viral replication or release under physiologic conditions. In a mouse model of X31 infection, intravenous administration of MHAA4549A resulted in delayed body weight recovery, but no exacerbation in orthogonal endpoints including mortality, lung viral titers or genomes, lung weights, or severity of influenza pneumonia. Overall, the totality of nonclinical data did not demonstrate any clear indication of ADE of infection at non-neutralizing concentrations, suggesting a low risk for MHAA4549A to cause enhanced influenza A-mediated disease at sub-therapeutic doses.
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Authors Gautham K. Rao, Min Xu, Rodney A. Prell, Man‐Wah Tan, Lee R. Swem, Jenny Jiang, Olga Li, Summer Park, Donghong Yan, Daniel Sheinson, Lynn Kamen, Wendy Halpern, Jacqueline McBride
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Journal toxicological sciences : an official journal of the society of toxicology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/toxsci/kfag109
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfag109
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