ALMA observations of pre- JWST z ~ 10 galaxy candidates: A CO( J = 9–8) line from a ULIRG at z = 2.54 and revisit of the photometric redshifts with JWST photometry

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ID: 325344
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We present Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) observations targeting the [O iii] $88\, \umu$m line for six z ~ 10 galaxy candidates selected with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope. We detect a line (4.5σ) and dust continuum emission (30σ) in UDS_18697, while detecting neither robust line nor continuum emission in the remaining five objects. The detected line in UDS_18697 is identified as CO(J = 9–8), because follow-up James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec observations have confirmed the redshift as z = 2.54. UDS_18697 is classified as an ultra luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) with far-infrared (FIR) luminosity of LFIR ≈ 1.1 × 1012 L⊙, assuming a dust temperature of Td ≈ 42 K, estimated using a physically-motivated method. We find that UDS_18697 follows the $L_{FIR}-L^{\prime }_{CO}$ relation for local and z > 2 galaxies, albeit being slightly brighter in CO(J = 9–8). Also, based on the follow-up NIRSpec observations and spectral energy distribution fitting using JWST/NIRCam photometry, we found that most of our targets are suggested to be low-z interlopers. Motivated by these redshift misclassifications, we investigate colour–colour selection criteria for high-z galaxies using JWST spectroscopic survey catalogues. We find that elevating a colour threshold tracing the Lyman break is crucial for constructing a robust high-z sample, particularly for wide field surveys such as Euclid Deep Fields and Roman High-Latitude Wide-Area Survey.
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Authors Suzuka Arai, Yuma Sugahara, Akio Inoue, Takuya Hashimoto, Ken Mawatari, Yi W. Ren, Steven L Finkelstein, John R. Weaver, Rebecca L. Larson, Seiji Fujimoto, Yuichi Harikane, Takahiro Morishita, Yoichi Tamura, Andreas Faisst, Charles L. Steinhardt, Nima Chartab, Larry Bradley, David B Sanders
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1546
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1546
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