Bispecific antibodies: current advances and future perspectives
Clicks: 1
ID: 325236
2026
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This
article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score —
reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
Reader Engagement
0.0
/100
1 views
0 readers
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal
Ranked #40 of 40 articles by views in international immunology
Most read
Least read
Bar heights use a square-root scale.
Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet mintedCreate a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.
5
SUSD
one-off · no wallet required
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are emerging immunotherapeutics that simultaneously engage two distinct targets. This property provides unique mechanisms of action that are not achieved by conventional monoclonal antibodies, including cell-cell bridging, modulation of multiple signaling pathways, and recruitment of diverse immune effector cells. Among these approaches, T cell-engaging BsAbs are the most established modality. By simultaneously targeting a tumor-associated antigen and CD3 on T cells, they promote tumor-T cell bridging, immune synapse formation, and MHC-independent T cell activation, and have shown marked clinical efficacy in several hematologic malignancies. More recently, their application has been extended to solid tumors, supported by encouraging data from clinical trials. Despite these advances, the efficacy and safety of BsAbs face several limitations, including short half-lives, tumor antigen escape, off-tumor toxicity, and insufficient T cell activation due to the lack of costimulatory signals. To address these obstacles, BsAb structures have been modified in various ways, including Fc fusion, multispecific targeting, and armored designs that enhance T cell function. These approaches aim to improve pharmacokinetics, specificity, and antitumor efficacy. In addition to these efforts, novel delivery platforms have been developed to further enhance the therapeutic potential of BsAbs. Engineered extracellular vesicles and nanoparticle-based systems may improve pharmacokinetics and tumor delivery, while enabling the integration of additional functional molecules beyond conventional BsAb formats. In this review, we summarize the basic principles of BsAbs, highlight key clinical developments, and discuss emerging strategies and remaining challenges in the development of next-generation BsAbs.
| Reference Key |
openalex_W7203711859
Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using
SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
|
|---|---|
| Authors | Toshiya Hino, Yusuke Ito, Yuki Kagoya |
| Journal | international immunology |
| Year | 2026 |
| DOI |
10.1093/intimm/dxag044
|
| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
Citations
No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org
Comments
No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.