Arkenstone BH: A model for high specific energy black hole feedback in cosmological simulations

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ID: 324744
2026
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Abstract
Abstract AGN feedback is a key piece of galaxy evolution but is difficult to model due to its high specific energies, multiphase nature, and limited simulation resolutions. Arkenstone is a subgrid framework for representing multiphase flows in coarse resolution simulations that has been used to model stellar feedback driven galactic winds. It ensures the correct treatment of high specific energy feedback that would otherwise be challenging to model accurately in Lagrangian simulations. We introduce the new Arkenstone BH model, which extends the Arkenstone framework to model black hole feedback. We focus on describing the first piece of this framework, which follows the hot, high specific energy phase of these outflows. The second piece, which treats their multiphase structure with a scheme for modeling unresolved cold clouds, will be implemented and described in a later paper. We present Arkenstone BH in simulations of an isolated galaxy to demonstrate the framework and its ability to capture high specific energy feedback that interacts only weakly with cold, dense gas. We show how these energetic outflows suppress star formation in our isolated galaxy by counteracting the inflow of gas from the circumgalactic medium into the interstellar medium. This work is part of the ‘Learning the Universe’ collaboration, which aims to understand the Universe’s underlying physics and initial conditions.
Reference Key
openalex_W7160447011 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors James M. Sullivan, Greg L. Bryan, Matthew C. Smith, Jake S. Bennett, Drummond B. Fielding, Bryan A. Terrazas, Sophie Koudmani, Rachel S. Somerville, Michaela Hirschmann
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1520
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