The impact of internal versus external perturbations on close-in exoplanet architectures

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ID: 324741
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Young planetary systems are subjected to different dynamical effects that can influence their orbital architecture over time. In systems with more than one planet, other planets can internally influence each other, for example, through planet-planet scattering. External perturbing effects also need to be taken into account, as stars do not form by themselves but together with other stars in high-density young star-forming regions. This birth environment can externally affect young multi-planet systems through stellar fly-bys. Previous work has shown that the absence/presence and location of an outer giant planet around a close-in planet system do not change how these inner planets react to a single fly-by with another star. We further explore this by comparing the effects of these external perturbations on four close-in sub-Neptune planets to those caused by a situation where only the distant giant is perturbed by the same kind of encounter. Our results indicate that the close-in planet systems have a “preferred” end state after 500 Myr, which is reached regardless of how it was perturbed. In addition, the mass of the giant appears not to impact the reaction of the inner planet system in the scenario of an external perturbation in our tested set-ups, i.e. either a single 1 or 5 MJup giant placed at 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 au. However, the mass affects the subsequent evolution of the inner planets if only internal perturbations by the giant are considered. The reduction in mass leads to an absence of collisions during the 500 Myr.
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Authors Christina Schoettler, James E. Owen
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1524
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1524
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