8. An In-Situ Prospective Investigation Into The Effects Of Football (Soccer) Heading On Neurocognitive Function
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ID: 324476
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Purpose To investigate whether headers incurred during a single competitive match were associated with acute changes in neurocognitive function. Method Fifty-seven recreational male football players (20.9 + 3.0 years) completed a battery of neurocognitive tests before and after a single competitive match. Due to testing duration, the battery was divided into a Part A (n=31; short-term and working memory, inhibitory control, sustained attention) and Part B (n=26; visual attention, task-switching, motor control). All matches were video-recorded, and headers were classified as high- or low-force using a validated framework. Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined whether total headers, the number of high-force headers or their interaction explained additional variance (ΔR2) in neurocognitive outcomes after controlling for necessary regressor variables. Results A total of 220 headers were identified. Players in Part A performed between 0-13 headers (4.3 + 3.0; 38% high-force) and 0-15 headers (4.9 + 3.3; 44% high-force) in Part B. Across most domains, neither total headers nor the number of high-force headers explained additional variance beyond covariate-only models (ΔR2=.001-.186; ps >.05). A significant interaction between total and high-force headers was observed for short-term memory (ΔR2=.245, p=.018) indicating that pre- to post-match changes varied as a function of the combined effects of total and high-force heading exposure. Conclusions Match-play heading was not associated with acute impairment across most cognitive domains. Observed effects were limited to a task-specific interaction in short-term memory, suggesting any immediate effects of heading are subtle and exposure-dependent.
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| Authors | J E Harrison, S J Bennett, M A Robinson, D Bruno, J B Caccese, J W Roberts |
| Journal | archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the national academy of neuropsychologists |
| Year | 2026 |
| DOI |
10.1093/arclin/acag055.008
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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