56. Musculoskeletal strength is associated with executive function across adulthood, independent of repetitive head impact exposure
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2026
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Abstract
Abstract Purpose Physical fitness and repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure are established factors in cognitive aging, yet they have largely been studied independently and within limited age ranges. It remains unclear whether musculoskeletal strength serves as a protective factor in the context of RHI throughout adulthood. The present study examined the association between strength and executive function, and tested whether strength moderated the relationship between RHI and executive function in aging. Method The study included 196 adults (mean age (sd)=49.3 years (18.2), 60% female) from the Fitness, Aging, Stress, and Traumatic Brain Injury Exposure Repository. Musculoskeletal strength was assessed via 1-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press, 1RM chest press, and maximum grip strength, and combined into a composite z-score. RHI was evaluated using the Boston Assessment for Traumatic Brain Injury-Lifetime (BAT-L), providing a cumulative estimate of head impacts and categorical exposure (yes/no; contact/non-contact sport). Executive function was assessed using standardized neuropsychological tests combined into a composite z-score. Multiple linear regression examined main effects and the interaction between strength and RHI on executive function, controlling for age, sex, education, lean mass, and mood. Results Strength was associated with executive function across adulthood (ηp2=0.05, p=.002). No associations were observed between RHI and executive function. This relationship did not depend on strength. Conclusions Musculoskeletal strength may positively benefit executive function, whereas RHI showed no association, potentially reflecting measurement limitations or true null relationships. This study employs extensive assessment of executive function and strength across the lifespan, while highlighting the need for future work to better characterize RHI-cognition relationships.
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| Authors | G Amadon, J H Graham, E Howard, J P Hayes, S M Hayes |
| Journal | archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the national academy of neuropsychologists |
| Year | 2026 |
| DOI |
10.1093/arclin/acag055.056
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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