12. Pre- and Post-Injury Factor Burden on Recovery Following Pediatric Sport-Related Concussion

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ID: 324460
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Purpose To examine the relative and cumulative burden of pre- and post-injury factors on recovery following pediatric sport-related concussion (SRC). Method A retrospective study of pediatric patients (10-18 years) presenting to a specialty concussion clinic <7 days post-SRC was conducted. Pre-injury (e.g., age, sex) and post-injury factors (e.g., days to clinic, loss of consciousness [LOC]) and recovery time (days to clearance) were extracted from medical records. Risk factors were treated as continuous, categorical, and dichotomous (presence/absence) variables. Linear regressions (LR) examined associations between 15 factors and recovery. Cox regression examined cumulative risk factor burden (low, medium, high) and recovery. Results 432 adolescents (age=14.87±1.73; 63.9% male) were included. Mean time to clinic was 3.01±1.81 days; recovery time was 18.95±15.08 days. Days to clinic (B=1.62, p<0.001), LOC (B=10.16, p=0.013), and number of risk factors (B=1.06, p=0.021) predicted recovery time. Forward stepwise LR was significant (F[3,421]=7.01, p<0.001, adj. R2=0.041), retaining days to clinic (B=4.97, p<0.001), LOC (10.63, p=0.012), and history of depression (B=7.08, p=0.04). Risk groups included low (n=95; 0-2 factors), medium (n=201; 3-4 factors), and high (n=136; >5 factors). Medium had a 47% lower recovery rate (HR=0.53, 95% CI=0.41-0.68) than low, whereas high had a 63% lower recovery rate (HR=0.37, 95% CI=0.28-0.49). Conclusions Results demonstrated a dose-response relationship between the number of factors and recovery. High- and medium-risk patients recovered at one-third and one-half the rate, respectively, of low-risk patients. Our expanded set of factors identified days to clinic, LOC, and a history of depression as the strongest predictors of recovery time.
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Authors A Laique, A J Zynda, G Thomas, A M Trbovich, J French, M W Collins, L Phan, K Durfee, A P Kontos, E Reynolds
Journal archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the national academy of neuropsychologists
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/arclin/acag055.012
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acag055.012
Keywords Keywords not found

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