Economy and Society from the Great Reforms to the Great War

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ID: 323751
2026
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Abstract
This chapter examines how the Great Reforms reshaped imperial Russian society by weakening the nobility, transforming peasant life, accelerating industrialization, expanding the working class, encouraging urbanization, and enlarging civil society before the Great War. It explains that many nobles retained political influence yet lost economic power, while peasants endured poverty, patriarchal control, communal limitations, and uneven modernization despite rising literacy, migration, and agrarian reform. The chapter analyses state-led industrial expansion under Sergei Witte, highlighting railway construction, foreign investment, labour legislation, and harsh working conditions that intensified worker militancy and revolutionary politics. It further explores urban culture, gender relations, nationalism, religion, voluntary associations, and civic participation while emphasizing persistent repression and instability. Finally, the chapter evaluates competing interpretations by presenting late imperial Russia as a society that balances modern progress, social tension, rising expectations, and revolutionary danger.
Reference Key
openalex_W7172400747 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, Mark D. Steinberg
Journal Oxford University Press eBooks
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/hepl/9780197875070.003.0030
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780197875070.003.0030
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