Jet- and Wind-Driven Evolution of Galaxy Structure in Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet Quasars: Implications for the M BH − σ Relation

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ID: 322911
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We present a unified framework for the evolution of massive elliptical galaxies that simultaneously accounts for the Sérsic index, stellar velocity dispersion, star formation rate, nuclear stellar density, and the diversity of evolutionary tracks in the ${{M}_{{\rm{BH}}}} - \sigma $ plane. In this picture, massive ellipticals originate from gas-rich mergers and subsequently evolve through active galactic nucleus phases whose properties are determined by black-hole spin and accretion-flow orientation. Counterrotating circumbinary disks efficiently extract angular momentum, reducing coupling to the stellar component during coalescence. These systems emerge as FRII high-excitation radio galaxies and subsequently evolve, as the black-hole spin passes through zero and into corotation, into long-lived FRI low-excitation radio galaxies. We argue that this prolonged FRI phase is the primary driver of the stellar properties of radio-loud ellipticals. Tilted FRI jets inject turbulence and bulk motions into the multiphase interstellar medium, producing dynamically hot stellar populations while suppressing central star formation. The combined effect increases stellar velocity dispersion, limits nuclear stellar density growth, and drives evolution toward high Sérsic indices. Consequently, radio-loud systems follow a two-stage evolutionary track in the ${{M}_{{\rm{BH}}}} - \sigma $ plane: rapid black-hole growth followed by increasing stellar velocity dispersion during the extended FRI phase. In contrast, systems born with corotating accretion evolve as radio-quiet quasars, where efficient disk-wind feedback couples black-hole growth and stellar velocity dispersion, producing an approximately diagonal evolutionary track. Within this framework, the observed scatter and apparent bifurcation of the ${{M}_{{\rm{BH}}}} - \sigma $ relation arise naturally from these two distinct evolutionary pathways.
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Authors David Garofalo
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1419
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1419
Keywords Keywords not found

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