Multiple hetero-redox centers in a phenazine-ketone scaffold for high-energy-density aqueous flow batteries toward durable energy storage

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ID: 321663
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) operating in alkaline media have attracted significant attention for their inherent safety and environmental compatibility. However, conventional quinone- and ketone-based anolytes suffer from low electron-transfer numbers (≤2 e- per molecule), irreversible isomerization, and concentration-dependent side reactions, ultimately limiting their energy density and long-term cycling stability. Here, we introduce a molecular engineering strategy that leverages the conjugation of heterogeneous redox centers to fuse distinct redox-active motifs, thereby creating a new composite phenazine-ketone molecule capable of a 6-electron transfer process. This multi-hetero-redox center fused scaffold not only overcomes the intrinsic limitations of conventional structures but also exhibits robust kinetics and chemical stability in an alkaline electrolyte. The resulting compound delivers a record capacity of 79.3 Ah L-¹, and sustains stable operation over 3500 cycles (198.5 days), offering a viable pathway toward next-generation high-energy-density, durable and sustainable energy storage technologies.
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Authors Zhen Dong, Zhiwen Cui, Hao Fan, Feiyang Hu, Mengke Wen, Yixue Duan, 东文 张, Chengren Li, Mahalingam Ravivarma, Duanyang Kong, Jiangxuan Song
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Journal national science review
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/nsr/nwag423
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwag423
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