Gender Equality in Employment

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ID: 321371
2026
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Abstract
Abstract EU law on gender equality in employment covers three main areas: employment and occupation, self-employment, and part-time work. This chapter provides an overview and critical analysis of the extensive and complex EU legal framework governing these fields, and briefly also considers recent legislation on platform work. The chapter first sketches the societal context and the historical development of the EU legal framework. It then focuses on the Gender Recast Directive (2006/54/EC), which applies to employment and occupation. The chapter examines its purpose and scope as interpreted by the CJEU, as well as its main tools to combat gender inequalities at work, namely the prohibitions of direct and indirect sex discrimination, and harassment. The chapter also pays attention to positive action measures to improve gender equality in the workplace, including analysis of the Gender-Balanced Company Boards Directive. Recognizing the growing importance of non-standard forms of work and the gendered precariousness certain groups of workers face, the chapter further explores the Self-Employment Directive (2010/41/EU) and the Part-Time Work Directive (97/81/EC). It highlights the role of CJEU case law in shaping the interpretation of these Directives, particularly regarding indirect sex discrimination affecting part-time workers. The chapter closes with an overall assessment which emphasizes that the dominant perspective on workers should be transformed in order to advance a transformative conceptualization of equality. It argues that unpaid care activities should become a core issue for the legal framework.
Reference Key
openalex_W7169561201 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Alexandra Timmer, Linda Senden, Susanne Burri
Journal Oxford University Press eBooks
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/law/9780198845256.003.0006
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198845256.003.0006
Keywords Keywords not found

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