Pre-main Sequence B Stars Surrounding the Orion Nebula

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ID: 321122
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Pre-main sequence (PMS) early-type stars are rare due to their rapid evolution. Confirming PMS B stars is accordingly valuable for constraining higher mass star formation scenarios. Although the Orion Nebula (ON) region offers an ideal laboratory for such studies, its population of B stars remains poorly characterized. We aim to determine spectral types, masses, and ages of B and early A stars surrounding the ON, to identify robust PMS candidates. We combine optical and near-infrared spectroscopy to estimate spectral types using Brackett, He, Si, and Mg lines. Photometry from Gaia, 2MASS, and WISE is used to construct colour-magnitude diagrams to fit isochrones via χ2 minimisation, yielding stellar ages and masses. Dynamical masses from eclipsing binaries are employed as independent constraints on the mass range allowed for each spectral subtype. We derive stellar ages and masses for 53 stars and spectral classifications for 48 of them, identifying 30 PMS candidates, including some that were previously assigned to luminosity classes I–III. Several stars show spectroscopic variability, potentially linked to circumstellar material or binarity. Our combined spectroscopic and photometric approach identifies robust PMS B-star candidates and provides a validated framework for distinguishing them from evolved counterparts – in this instance, refining the census of early-types young stars in Orion. The age distribution of the PMS candidates offers preliminary clues about the star formation history of the ON region.
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Authors P H F B Braz, A Roman-Lopes, W J B Corradi, E B Amôres, M S Angelo, F S S Maia, J F C Santos, A E Piatti, W Reis
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1341
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1341
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