Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Relationships Between Multi-Dimensional Sleep Composites and Cognition in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

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ID: 320756
2026
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep is critical for maintaining overall brain health and may influence the trajectory of cognitive impairment. Using a multidimensional conceptualization of sleep, we hypothesized that data-derived multidimensional sleep composites would be associated with cognitive performance. METHODS: Data from four examinations (2010-2024) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between multimodal sleep and cognition. Multidimensional sleep composites were derived from 39 objective and subjective sleep variables using principal components analysis (PCA). Cognition was measured using a global cognition composite (GCC), a standardization of total scores across Digit Symbol Coding (DSC), Digit Span (DS), and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). Linear regression analyzed cross-sectional associations between sleep composites and cognition, and linear mixed-effects models examined associations with within-person cognitive change over time. RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses of 1,628 participants (mean age 68.0; 54.9% female), 13 sleep composites explained about 71% of the sample's variance. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, five sleep composites were associated with GCC cross-sectionally: (1) EEG power spectral density (ß (per SD) = 0.065; 95% CI 0.03-0.10), (2) actigraphy based sleep continuity (ß = 0.049; 0.01-0.08), (3) spindle density (ß = 0.052; 0.02-0.09), (4) spindle-slow oscillation coupling (ß = 0.050; 0.01-0.09), and (5) REM sleep (ß = 0.047; 95% CI 0.01-0.08) In the longitudinal analysis, actigraphy based sleep continuity and variability were associated with cognitive decline, although significance decreased after multiple comparison adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: EEG-based sleep microstructure and actigraphy-based sleep continuity were associated with cognitive performance cross-sectionally, while actigraphy-based sleep continuity was associated with cognition longitudinally. These findings support a multidimensional framework for understanding sleep-related risk factors for cognitive decline.
Reference Key
openalex_W7168081718 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Caitlin Paquet, Ethan I. Powell, Jarvis T. Chen, Nataliia Kozhemiako, Kaitlin S. Potts, Cecilia Castro-Diehl, Tamar Sofer, S Bertisch, Wendy Post, Timothy Hughes, Shaun Purcell, Susan Redline
Journal Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/sleep/zsag187
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsag187
Keywords Keywords not found

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