CHEOPS observations of V1298 Tau: updated planetary densities and implications on the early evolution of the young system

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ID: 320753
2026
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Abstract
Abstract The young (10-30 Myr) multi-planet system V1298 Tau presents a unique opportunity to probe the early formation and evolution of young systems. We present new CHEOPS observations of the three innermost planets, yielding high-precision planetary radii (~5-11 R⊕) and improving the radius ratios ($\rm R_{\mathrm{p}}/R_{\mathrm{s}}$) by 30-71 % compared to previous multiple TESS observations. Combined with refined period and mass determinations from transit-timing variation (TTV) measurements, we derive revised bulk densities (0.06-0.23 $\rm g/cm^3$) for these planets. We find that the innermost planet c is denser compared to the outermost planet at the 3.4-σ level, while the bulk densities of the three outermost planets are consistent within the reported uncertainties. These bulk densities suggest differing envelope mass fraction across the system, indicating differential atmospheric evolution in the young system. We further assess the early dynamical state of the V1298 Tau system and find that within the range of simulations performed we find no evidence for present-day mean-motion resonance trapping. As an independent diagnostic, we compute the forced eccentricities and low Normalized Angular Momentum Deficit (NAMD) exhibited by the system. Our simulations suggest that no past dynamical excitation is required to explain the present orbital architecture.
Reference Key
openalex_W7168080560 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Hinna Shivkumar, Sérgio Gomes, Jean-Michel Désert, John H. Livingston, J Reyes López, Vatsal Panwar, James Sikora, Saugata Barat, P. F. L. Maxted, T. G. Wilson, Antonija Oklopčić, Silvia Toonen
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1277
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