Concentrations of Maillard reaction products and advanced glycation end-products in commercially available extruded dry, retorted wet, and mildly cooked (fresh) cat foods from the UK and US

Clicks: 1
ID: 320311
2026
Free PDF
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score — reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal

Ranked #207 of 214 articles by views in italian journal of animal science

Most read Least read

Bar heights use a square-root scale. Only the 120 most-read articles are drawn; the journal has 214 in total.

Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet minted

Create a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.

5 SUSD one-off · no wallet required
Sign in to mint
Abstract
Maillard reaction products (MRP), including advanced glycation end-products (AGE), form during food processing, particularly under high temperatures, and vary across feline diet formats. Increased AGE consumption has been associated with adverse health effects in humans and rodent models. The health implications of AGE intake in cats remain unclear, and limited data on MRP levels in feline-specific diets exist, particularly in mildly cooked (fresh) formats. The objective of this study was to quantify MRP (mg/kg DM), including the early-stage MRP fructoselysine (FL) and three advanced MRP (AGE): Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), in commercially available cat foods in the UK & US representing mildly cooked (n = 6), retorted wet (n = 10), and extruded dry (n = 10) formats to better understand dietary exposure and potential biological relevance. This study also estimated daily AGE intake and evaluated associations between dietary macronutrient composition and MRP concentrations. Lastly, total lysine (TL) and reactive lysine (RL) were measured to assess potential processing-related changes in lysine availability. Selected MRP, including AGE were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and compared by one-way ANOVA. FL concentrations differed among diet formats (P < 0.05) and were greater in mildly cooked and retorted wet than in extruded dry. CML concentrations differed among diet formats (P < 0.05), with retorted wet greater than extruded dry, while mildly cooked diets were intermediate. Concentrations of CEL (P < 0.05), MG-H1 (P < 0.05), and total AGE (P < 0.05) were greatest in retorted wet diets, whereas mildly cooked and extruded dry diets did not statistically differ. Estimated daily AGE intake (mg/kg BW0.75) also differed among formats (P < 0.05), with retorted wet diets resulting in greater intake than mildly cooked and extruded dry. Levels of TL (P < 0.05) and RL (P < 0.05) differed among diet formats, with extruded dry containing the lowest levels, although the RL: TL ratio did not significantly differ among formats. Within-format correlations between nutrients and MRP were limited and differed by format. These findings demonstrate that commercially available feline diets differ in concentrations of MRP, including AGE, and estimated AGE exposure, with retorted wet diets exhibiting the greatest values for all AGE among evaluated formats.
Reference Key
openalex_W7167843418 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Devon Tate, Jirayu Tanprasertsuk, Dominique S. Tarr, Justin Shmalberg, Ryan W. Honaker
Journal italian journal of animal science
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jas/skag206
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag206
Keywords Keywords not found

Citations

No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org

Comments

No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.