Nitrofurantoin activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae: An in vitro and in vivo study in Galleria mellonella

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ID: 320302
2026
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Abstract
We assessed the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of nitrofurantoin in a panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains. Four N. gonorrhoeae strains-three WHO reference strains (WHO U, WHO P, WHO V) and a clinical isolate from a patient with symptomatic urethritis (25 566) were tested for nitrofurantoin susceptibility using E-tests on GC agar. To investigate resistance emergence, each strain was serially passaged on GC agar with a nitrofurantoin gradient E-tests for ten consecutive days. Nitrofurantoin-resistant isolates (n = 3) underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify resistance-associated mutations. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using the G. mellonella infection model: larvae were infected with N. gonorrhoeae 25 566 and treated with nitrofurantoin at 5 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg. Larval survival and melanization were monitored up to 48 hours. We found that the nitrofurantoin MICs were between 0.5 and 24 µg/ml. WGS identified a canonical point mutation at nfsB at position 155 (GàA) for WHO U-S3 isolate, whereas WHO P-S2, WHO V-S4, showed no new nfsB point mutations despite MIC increases. A dose of 50 mg/kg was effective against N. gonorrhoeae in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Constant exposure to nitrofurantoin over 10 days resulted in increases in MIC in three of four strains.
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openalex_W7167843979 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Izumo Kanesaka, Irith De Baetselier, Saïd Abdellati, Tessa de Block, Thibaut Vanbaelen, Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil, Chris Kenyon
Journal FEMS microbiology letters
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/femsle/fnag079
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnag079
Keywords Keywords not found

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