Milky Way Atlas: A radial-velocity-resolved, three-dimensional map of H  i within 1.25 kpc

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ID: 320246
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We present a velocity-resolved three-dimensional map of local atomic hydrogen (H i) within 1.25 kpc of the Sun, tackling the challenge of converting emission from position–position–velocity space into true 3D structure. Our method combines the HI4PI full-sky survey with the Edenhofer et al. (2024) 3D dust map in the framework of Information Field Theory, enabling a joint reconstruction of the local H i density, radial velocity field, and effective line width while also separating emission arising inside the mapped local volume from more distant Galactic H i. The inference is driven by morphological matching between dust and H i structures together with kinematic coherence in 3D space. Synthetic data tests show that the method recovers the local density and velocity structure, even in the presence of substantial contamination from distant emission. The resulting map reveals a smoother, more diffuse local H i distribution than the dust, a declining H i-to-dust ratio toward high dust column densities consistent with the atomic-to-molecular transition, and a velocity field that captures both large-scale Galactic rotation and local non-circular velocities. Independent comparisons with maser and young stellar cluster velocities agree with the recovered kinematics. This H i map provides a new three-dimensional, kinematically resolved view of the nearby atomic interstellar medium and a foundation for localising other velocity-resolved Galactic emission in physical space.
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Authors Lewis McCallum, Laurin Söding, Mareike Berkner, Philipp Frank, Matteo Guardiani, Jakob Roth, J. D. Soler, Robert Benjamin, Torsten Enßlin, Philipp Mertsch, Konstantinos Tassis, V. Pavlidou
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1303
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