The prevalence and incidence of Raynaud’s in England, United Kingdom

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ID: 320128
2026
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and incidence in Raynaud's and its association with age, sex, ethnicity and region in England. METHODS: The Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database was used to identify individuals with Raynaud's from 1998 to 2023. The prevalence of Raynaud's in 2023 and incidence rates from 2003 to 2023 was calculated. Logistic regression, Poisson regression and survival-time analyses were used to assess any variation according to age, sex, ethnicity, and region. RESULTS: 158 449 Raynaud's cases were recorded in 2023, with a prevalence rate of 894.19 (95% CI, 889.81-898.58) per 100 000 people. Older individuals and females were most likely to develop Raynaud's. Black ethnicity OR = 0.54 (95% CI, 0.50-0.58) and living in London OR = 0.50 (95% CI, 0.50-0.51) were associated with lower prevalence. 136 602 incident cases were recorded. The incidence rate was 46.22 (95% CI, 45.98-46.47) per 100 000 person-years. Older age IRR = 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03-1.06), females IRR = 2.00 (95% CI, 1.98-2.01) was associated with higher incidence rates whilst lowest incidence was observed in those of black ethnicity IRR = 0.49 (95% CI, 0.46-0.52) and in London IRR = 0.53 (95% CI, 0.52-0.54). CONCLUSION: Excluding people with Raynaud's secondary to an autoimmune connective tissue disease, this study observed an increasing number of incident cases of GP-recorded Raynaud's diagnoses with age, peaking at 40-69 years.
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openalex_W7167698010 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Anthony Chen, S. Lax, Matthew J. Grainge, Peter Lanyon, Fiona Pearce
Journal Lara D. Veeken
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/rheumatology/keag328
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keag328
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