General-relativistic and non-ideal radiative cooling in neutron star magnetospheres

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ID: 318287
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Radiation reaction cooling plays an important role in describing the extreme plasma conditions found in the magnetospheres of astrophysical compact objects. Strong electromagnetic fields, characteristic of these environments, can trigger the development of anisotropic ring-shaped plasma distributions with inverted Landau populations in momentum space. In this work, we present the first systematic investigation of this mechanism in realistic astrophysical configurations, by accounting for how non-uniform electromagnetic field geometries and general-relativistic effects modify the phase-space dynamics of radiatively cooled plasmas. We demonstrate analytically that drift velocities favour the formation of spiral-shaped momentum distributions that still display inverted Landau populations, and estimate the minimum and maximum plasma injection distances required for inverted momentum distributions to be able to power the emission of coherent radiation through kinetic instabilities. From numerical simulations, we conclude that curved spacetime increases the gradient of the distribution function responsible for the development of kinetic instabilities, and prolongs the persistence of the inverted momentum structure relative to flat spacetime, confirming that realistic astrophysical conditions preserve and enhance the conditions necessary for synchrotron-powered emission of coherent radiation to occur.
Reference Key
openalex_W7165674557 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors João Joaquim, F Assunção, P J Bilbao, L O Silva
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1178
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1178
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