The Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement in Context

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ID: 317873
2026
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Abstract
Abstract This chapter re-examines the historical context of the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) and the Philippines-U.S. alliance, reflecting on how its history influenced its development in the light of increasing geopolitical competition and heightened tensions. The alliance, East Asia’s oldest and most enduring military partnership, originated with agreements following Philippine independence and was reinforced by the Mutual Defense Treaty. Over decades, it has weathered periods of stagnation and resurgence, faced fissures due to differing priorities, with the Philippines often focused on internal security while the United States emphasized external defense and power projection. In the past decade, China’s increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea prompted the Philippines to seek clearer defense commitments and led to the negotiation of EDCA. Signed in 2014, the EDCA aims to promote Philippine military modernization and capability building for external defense through rotational U.S. presence at agreed locations, addressing capability gaps, and enhancing interoperability. Despite political challenges and implementation delays, the alliance has been re-energized, with significant activities being driven by China’s escalating coercive behavior in the South China Sea. This history offers lessons on overcoming past grievances and finding convergent interests to forge a more effective and trusted partnership.
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openalex_W7165198486 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Jay L. Batongbacal
Journal Oxford University Press eBooks
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/oso/9780197844540.003.0012
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197844540.003.0012
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