Multiwavelength Analysis of the Einstein Probe X-ray Transient EP240305a

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ID: 317419
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We report multiwavelength observations of EP240305a, an uncatalogued X-ray transient detected by the Einstein Probe on March 5, 2024. The source exhibits distinct characteristics across the X-ray, optical, near-infrared, and radio bands. The soft X-ray observations show two significant flares lasting ~100 − 250 s, accompanied by rapid flux decay in a few days, and the optical and near-infrared data reveal a faint, candidate counterpart. In contrast, the radio observations expose a long-term spectral evolution from a self-absorbed to an optically thin state within two months, implying discrete jet ejection. We compare EP240305a with known classes of X-ray transients and find that it is unlikely to be associated with long-timescale transients such as jetted tidal disruption events or X-ray binaries. Its properties also disfavor a short-timescale stellar flare origin. Although the absence of optical spectroscopy prevents a redshift determination, the source exhibits properties similar to those of gamma-ray-dark gamma-ray burst-like transients, which may be associated with relativistic jets viewed off-axis or with choked jets. The discovery of EP240305a, along with other uncataloged transients detected by the Einstein Probe, underscores the scientific potential of highly sensitive X-ray survey telescopes and rapid-response multiwavelength follow-up observations in exploring the nature of atypical astronomical transients.
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Authors Ruican Ma, Y Li, Lian Tao, Tao An, Ailing Wang, Arne Rau, Roberto Soria, Huaqing Cheng, Jing Wang, Hua Feng, Yuanqi Liu, Sean Brennan, Jingran Xu, D. A. H. Buckley, Philip Charles, Yupeng Chen, F. Coti Zelati, Sebastien Guillot, Long Ji, Chengkui Li, Jinzhong Liu, Yuan Liu, P. Maggi, I. M. Monageng, Yue Wang, Y Xu, Guobao Zhang, Qingchang Zhao, D Altamirano, Peter Jonker, N. Rea, X Wang, Xuefeng Wu, Weimin Yuan, S Zhang
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1138
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1138
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