Late effects among colorectal cancer survivors ≥5 years after diagnosis– a systematic scoping review

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ID: 317239
2026
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) survival is improving, yet long-term survivors remain at risk for cancer- and treatment-related late effects, which may emerge many years after diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to summarize evidence on late effects and their risk factors reported ≥5 years after CRC diagnosis, compared to cancer-free controls. METHODS: The literature search for this scoping review was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to November 18, 2025. Primary research studies investigating late effects and providing relative risks estimates specifically ≥5 years after diagnosis were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale. The study was registered with Open Science Framework, 10.17605/OSF.IO/JY6DX. RESULTS: We identified nine observational studies that reported relative risks estimates for late effects. Seven studies had a low risk of bias and two were at moderate risk. The most frequently investigated late effect was incidence of diabetes (five studies). The highest relative risks were reported for immunity disorders (5 to 10 years hazard ratio (HR) 4.56, 99%CI[1.36-15.31]), depression (>5 years HR 2.65, 95%CI[1.61-4.36]) and nutritional deficiency (5 to 10 years HR 1.69, 99%CI[1.38-2.08). Comorbidities at diagnosis, age at diagnosis and treatment were the most common risk factors associated with late effects. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review found that even ≥5 years after diagnosis late effects requiring treatment are considerably more common among CRC survivors than cancer-free controls. The small number of studies and the broad spectrum of identified late effects highlight the need for extensive research to characterize late effects to improve long-term survivorship care.
Reference Key
openalex_W7164647884 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Toktam Pour, Mary Jose Urruchua Rodriguez, Melissa S Y Thong, Hermann Brenner, V M Arndt, Michael Hoffmeister
Journal jnci cancer spectrum
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jncics/pkag057
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkag057
Keywords Keywords not found

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