Towards improved synchrotron self absorption energy estimates: accounting for inhomogeneous and non-spherical emitting regions

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ID: 317183
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Synchrotron self absorption (SSA) is seen across a variety of astrophysical sources, and observation of an SSA peak in the spectrum is a powerful tool for estimating the physical conditions and the minimum energy of the emitting region. We begin with the (re)derivation of the usual SSA parameter estimates, carefully considering dependencies and assumptions, obtaining the most accurate traditional SSA minimum energy equations currently available. Traditional methods rely on the assumption that the emitting region is quasi-spherical and homogeneous. However, many observations of SSA show that the spectral index at frequencies below the peak is less than the expected +2.5 (non-thermal) or +2 (thermal). We argue that an inhomogeneous emitting region is the most likely explanation in many cases. Power law inhomogeneous cylindrical slab and broken power law inhomogeneous sphere models are used to investigate how the presence of inhomogeneity affects parameter estimates using traditional SSA methods. We find that in some cases inhomogeneity can lead to traditional SSA methods underestimating the minimum energy and the size of the emitting region by over an order of magnitude. Quantitative correction factors are found which can be applied to traditional estimates to correct for inhomogeneity, depending on the value of the observed flattened spectral index and the range in frequency over which this value is observed. Furthermore, we derive simple correction factors for non-spherical homogeneous emitting regions. Finally, we explore the effects of inhomogeneity on measurements of polarisation around the spectral peak, and on lightcurves for expanding emitting regions.
Reference Key
openalex_W7164508616 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors F. J. Cowie, R P Fender
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1113
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1113
Keywords Keywords not found

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